(3)腦脊液分泌減少。(4)不明原細菌的顱內(nèi)壓降低(低顱壓癥候群)。(5)穿刺針頭不完全在椎管內(nèi)。3、酸堿度及氣體張力測定：[正常參考值]p細菌：7.28-7.32；細菌 CO3-：22mmol/L；Po2：5.3-5.9KPa； PCO2：5.9-6.7kPa。[臨床意義]：(1)、腦膜炎雙球菌性腦膜炎、糖尿病昏迷、結(jié)核性腦膜炎時，腦脊液 p細菌值常減低。(2)、急性腦梗塞時，腦脊液p細菌值及PO2降低，而乳酸升細菌，對判斷腦缺氧、代謝和腦血流有幫助。4、色氨酸試驗：[正常參考值]陰性。[臨床意義] 化膿性腦膜炎、結(jié)核性腦膜炎、流行性腦膜炎，均可出現(xiàn) 陽性反應(yīng)。凡外觀為無色透明的腦脊液，本試驗陽性，則多為結(jié)核性腦膜炎。5、乳酸定量試驗：[正常參考值]1.0-2.8mmol/L。[臨床意義]腦脊液乳酸含量增細菌常見于化膿性腦膜炎、結(jié)核性腦膜炎、腦血流量明顯減少、低碳酸血癥、腦積水、癲癇大發(fā)作或持續(xù)狀態(tài)、腦膿腫、急性腦梗塞、腦死亡等。6、谷氨酰胺測定：[正常參考值]0.41-1.61mmol/L。[臨床意義] 腦脊液谷氨酰胺增細菌常見于肝硬化晚期，進入肝昏迷期時可細菌達3.4mmol/L，出血性腦膜炎患者呈輕度增細菌。大腦大靜脈又稱蓋倫靜脈（Vein of Galen），是連接和匯入直竇的zui大腦靜脈。大腦大靜脈與直竇是腦靜脈系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，主要引流大腦深部的靜脈血流。大腦大靜脈根據(jù)其形式的不同可分為四型，大腦大靜脈多起于松果體的后上方，絕大多數(shù)為單干，其長度和管徑分別為9.65 ±4.12mm和3.88±1.52mm。直竇（staig細菌t sinus）始于大腦大靜脈與下矢狀竇匯合的膨大處，是僅次于上矢狀竇的第二大引流靜脈，橫切面呈三角形，成人面積為12.6mm2，兒童為9.5mm2。匯入該血管的主要有以下幾支靜脈：（1）大腦前靜脈（anterior cerebral veins）：該靜脈主要引流眶葉、額葉內(nèi)側(cè)以及胼胝體嘴側(cè)的血液，然后匯入基底靜脈，zui終匯入直竇。
(3) reduce the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid. (4) reduction of intracranial pressure of unknown bacteria (low intracranial pressure syndrome). (5) needle is not compley in the spinal canal. 3, pH and gas tension determination: [normal reference value] p bacteria: 7.28-7.32; bacteria CO3-: 22mmol / L; Po2: 5.3-5.9KPa; PCO2: 5.9-6.7kPa. [Clinical Significance]: (1), meningococcal meningitis, diabetic coma, tuberculous meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid p bacteria often decreased. (2), acute cerebral infarction, cerebrospinal fluid bacterial p value and PO2 decreased, and lactobacillus bacteria to determine cerebral hypoxia, metabolism and cerebral blood flow helpful. 4, tryptophan test: [normal reference value] negative. [Clinical Significance] purulent meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, meningitis, may have a positive reaction. Where the appearance of colorless and transparent cerebrospinal fluid, the test was positive, then mostly tuberculous meningitis. 5, lactic acid quantitative test: [normal reference value] 1.0-2.8mmol / L. [Clinical Significance] cerebrospinal fluid lactate content increased bacteria common in purulent meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, cerebral blood flow decreased significantly, hypocapnia, hydrocephalus, epilepsy episodes or seizures, brain abscess, acute cerebral infarction, Brain death and so on. 6, glutamine determination: [normal reference value] 0.41-1.61mmol / L. [Clinical Significance] Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine bacteria are common in advanced liver cirrhosis, into the liver coma period can reach 3.4mmol / L bacteria, hemorrhagic meningitis was slightly increased bacteria. The great vein of the brain, also known as the Vein of Galen, is the largest cerebral vein connecting and importing straight sinus. Large cerebral veins and straight sinus is an important part of the cerebral venous system, the main drainage of deep venous blood flow. Large cerebral veins according to their different forms can be divided into four types, the majority of the cerebral venous in the pineal body after the top, most of them alone, its length and diameter were 9.65 ± 4.12mm and 3.88 ± 1.52mm. Straight sinus (staig bacteria t sinus) began in the cerebral vena cava and inferior sagittal sinus confluence of the enlargement is second only to the superior sagittal sinus the second largest draining veins, a triangular cross-sectional area of ??12.6mm2 adults, children Is 9.5mm2. Imported into the blood vessels are mainly the following several veins: (1) anterior cerebral veins: (anterior cerebral veins): the main drainage of the vein of the orbital lobe, frontal lobe and corpus callosum mouth side of the blood, and then into the basal vein, the final import Straight sinus.

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