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【Seracare產(chǎn)品介紹】

編號	英文名稱	中文名稱
JL-FA-01	Amebiasis (AME)	阿米巴病
JL-FA-02	Allergens, Rast scores	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實(shí)驗(yàn)。指對特定的人群引起免疫反應(yīng)或者過敏反應(yīng)的食品中的蛋白質(zhì)
JL-FA-03	Allergens, Rast scores negative	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實(shí)驗(yàn)陰性
JL-FA-04	Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis	抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體
JL-FA-05	ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi	人抗釀酒酵母抗體（ASCA）
JL-FA-06	Aspergillis	麴菌病
JL-FA-07	Beta 2 Glycoprotein	β2糖蛋白
JL-FA-08	Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM	β2糖蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-09	Bordela Pertussis	百日咳桿菌
JL-FA-10	Bordela Pertussis IgM	百日咳桿菌 IGM
JL-FA-11	C-ANCA	C-抗中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體（ANCA)
JL-FA-12	Cardiolipin	心肌磷脂
JL-FA-13	Cardiolipin IgA	心肌磷脂 IGA
JL-FA-14	Cardiolipin IgG	心肌磷脂 IGG
JL-FA-15	Cardiolipin IgM	心肌磷脂 IGM
JL-FA-16	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	腦脊髓液
JL-FA-17	Chagas	恰加斯病/南美錐蟲
JL-FA-18	Chlamydia	衣原體
JL-FA-19	Chlamydia IgA	衣原體IGA
JL-FA-20	Chlamydia IgG	衣原體IGG
JL-FA-21	Chlamydia IgM	衣原體IGM
JL-FA-22	Chlamydia Neg	衣原體陰性
JL-FA-23	Clotting Factor C3	凝固因子C3
JL-FA-24	Clotting Factor C4	凝固因子C4
JL-FA-25	Coccidiodes	球孢菌
JL-FA-26	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg	巨細(xì)胞病毒抗體陰性
JL-FA-27	CMV IgG	巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGG陽性
JL-FA-28	CMV IgM VCA	巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGM 陽性
JL-FA-29	C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	C-反應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì)
JL-FA-30	Dengue Fever	登革熱
JL-FA-31	Dengue Fever IgM	登革熱 IGM
JL-FA-32	DS (Double Stranded) DNA	雙鏈脫氧核糖核酸
JL-FA-33	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG	EB病毒核抗原 IGG
JL-FA-34	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM	EB病毒核抗原 IGM
JL-FA-35	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma	EB病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-36	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM	EB病毒早期抗原 IGM
JL-FA-37	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM	EB病毒殼蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-38	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG	EB病毒早期抗原 IGG
JL-FA-39	EMA (Endomysial Antibodies)	肌內(nèi)膜
JL-FA-40	Gliadin	麩蛋白,麥醇溶蛋白,麥膠蛋白
JL-FA-41	Gliadin IgG	麥醇溶蛋白 IGG
JL-FA-42	Gliadin IgA	麥醇溶蛋白 IGA
JL-FA-43	Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA)	腎小球基底膜病
JL-FA-44	Helicobacter pylori IgA	幽門螺旋桿菌IGA
JL-FA-45	Helicobacter pylori IgG	幽門螺旋桿菌IGG
JL-FA-46	Helicobacter pylori IgM	幽門螺旋桿菌IGM
JL-FA-47	Helicobacter pylori Negative	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性
JL-FA-48	Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性血漿
JL-FA-49	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma	甲型肝炎病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-50	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM	甲型肝炎病毒IGM
JL-FA-51	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG
JL-FA-52	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM
JL-FA-53	Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen)	乙肝抗體
JL-FA-54	Hepatitis Delta Virus	丁型肝炎病毒
JL-FA-55	HBeAg (HBV e antigen)	乙肝 E抗原
JL-FA-56	anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody)	乙肝表面抗體
JL-FA-57	Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic"	乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病
JL-FA-58	HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum	乙肝表面抗原血清
JL-FA-59	HBsAg (AD)	乙肝表面抗原（AD）
JL-FA-60	HBsAg (AY)	乙肝表面抗原（AY）
JL-FA-61	HBV Positive Plasma	乙肝陽性血漿
JL-FA-62	HBV DNA Plasma	乙肝DNA血漿
JL-FA-63	HBV DNA Serum	乙肝DNA血清
JL-FA-64	HBV DNA type A	A型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-65	HBV DNA type B	B型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-66	HBV DNA type C	C型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-67	HBV DNA type D	D型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-68	HBV DNA type E	E型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-69	HBV DNA type F	F型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-70	HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED	乙肝和丙肝聯(lián)合感染血漿
JL-FA-71	HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody	丙型肝炎抗體
JL-FA-72	HCV Core Antigen Positive	丙肝核心抗原陽性
JL-FA-73	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1	基因1型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-74	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2	基因2型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-75	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3	基因3型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-76	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4	基因4型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-77	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5	基因5型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-78	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6	基因6型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-79	HCV Riba single band	丙肝免疫印跡單波段
JL-FA-80	HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands)	丙肝免疫印跡陽性多波段
JL-FA-81	HCV Negative	丙肝陰性
JL-FA-82	HCV RNA Pos (quantitative)	丙肝RNA陽性（定量）
JL-FA-83	Hepatitis E	戊型肝炎
JL-FA-84	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1/2陽性血漿
JL-FA-85	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1 陰性血漿
JL-FA-86	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGG
JL-FA-87	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGM
JL-FA-88	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-89	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-90	Histone	組蛋白
JL-FA-91	Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA)	人抗鼠抗體
JL-FA-92	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg	HIV I 陰性
JL-FA-93	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma	抗HIV I 血漿
JL-FA-94	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum	抗HIV I 血清
JL-FA-95	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested	抗HIV 2 免疫印跡
JL-FA-96	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+)	抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV陽性
JL-FA-97	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag	HIV抗原
JL-FA-98	HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma	HIV RNA 定量血漿
JL-FA-99	HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum	HIV RNA 定量血清
JL-FA-100	HIV1 Subtype A	HIV1 亞型A
JL-FA-101	HIV1 Subtype B	HIV1 亞型B
JL-FA-102	HIV1 Subtype C	HIV1 亞型C
JL-FA-103	HIV1 Subtype D	HIV1 亞型D
JL-FA-104	HIV1 Subtype E	HIV1 亞型E
JL-FA-105	HIV1 Subtype F	HIV1 亞型F
JL-FA-106	HIV1 Subtype G	HIV1 亞型G
JL-FA-107	HIV1 Subtype H	HIV1 亞型H
JL-FA-108	HIV1 Subtype J	HIV1 亞型J
JL-FA-109	HIV1 Subtype K	HIV1 亞型K
JL-FA-110	HIV1 Group O	HIV1 亞型O
JL-FA-111	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma	HIV 2 抗體血漿
JL-FA-112	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum	HIV 2 抗體血清
JL-FA-113	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陰性
JL-FA-114	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陽性
JL-FA-115	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED	HIV 抗體 HCV
JL-FA-116	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I/II
JL-FA-117	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I
JL-FA-118	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II	人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) II
JL-FA-119	Jo-1	多發(fā)性肌炎抗原JO-1
JL-FA-120	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L
JL-FA-121	Legionella	軍團(tuán)桿菌屬
JL-FA-122	Leptospira	軍團(tuán)桿菌屬
JL-FA-123	Lyme Disease	萊姆(氏)病:蜱傳播的全身性疾病,常在夏季發(fā)生
JL-FA-124	Lyme IgG	萊姆(氏)病 IGG
JL-FA-125	Lyme IgM	萊姆(氏)病 IGM
JL-FA-126	Lyme Disease Neg	萊姆(氏)病陰性
JL-FA-127	Malaria	瘧疾
JL-FA-128	Mononucleosis (infectious)	單核細(xì)胞增多癥（有傳染性的）
JL-FA-129	Mononucleosis Negative	單核細(xì)胞增多癥陰性
JL-FA-130	Measles Negative	麻疹陰性
JL-FA-131	Measles IgG	麻疹 IGG
JL-FA-132	Measles IgM	麻疹 IGM
JL-FA-133	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL)	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-134	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-135	Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)	抗線粒體抗體
JL-FA-136	Multiple Sclerosis	多發(fā)性硬化癥
JL-FA-137	Mumps IgG	流行性腮腺炎 IGG
JL-FA-138	Mumps Ab IgM	流行性腮腺炎抗體 IGM
JL-FA-139	Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血漿
JL-FA-140	Mumps Antibody Negative Serum	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血清
JL-FA-141	Myeloma Plasma	骨髓瘤血漿
JL-FA-142	Myeloma IgA	骨髓瘤IGA
JL-FA-143	Myeloma IgE	骨髓瘤IGE
JL-FA-144	Myeloma IgG	骨髓瘤IGG
JL-FA-145	Myeloma IgM	骨髓瘤IGM
JL-FA-146	Mycoplasma	支原體
JL-FA-147	Mycoplasma Negative	支原體陰性
JL-FA-148	Mycoplasma IgG	支原體IGG
JL-FA-149	Mycoplasma IgM	支原體IGM
JL-FA-150	Mycoplasma PCR	支原體PCR
JL-FA-151	Normal Human Plasma	正常人血漿
JL-FA-152	Normal Human Serum	正常人血清
JL-FA-153	Nuclear Antibody Centromere	核抗體著絲粒
JL-FA-154	Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA	核抗體，斑點(diǎn)抗核抗體
JL-FA-155	Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA	核抗體,核仁抗核抗體
JL-FA-156	Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA	核抗體，同質(zhì)抗核抗體
JL-FA-157	Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative	核抗體，斑點(diǎn)。抗核抗體陰性
JL-FA-158	P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)	相關(guān)的嗜中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體
JL-FA-159	Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA)	胃)壁細(xì)胞抗體
JL-FA-160	Parvo positive plasma	細(xì)小病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-161	Parvo IgM	細(xì)小病毒 IGM
JL-FA-162	Parvo IgG	細(xì)小病毒 IGG
JL-FA-163	Parvo Negative Plasma	細(xì)小病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-164	Parvo DNA positive	細(xì)小病毒 DNA 陽性
JL-FA-165	Phospholipid Positive Plasma	磷脂陽性血漿
JL-FA-166	Prothrombin	凝血酶原,凝血因子
JL-FA-167	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子<1000 IU/mL
JL-FA-168	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子1001-2000 IU/mL
JL-FA-169	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子 2001-4000 IU/mL
JL-FA-170	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子 4001-5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-171	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL	類風(fēng)濕因子>5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-172	Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive	核糖核蛋白陽性
JL-FA-173	Rubella Chimeric	風(fēng)疹
JL-FA-174	Rubella Negative	風(fēng)疹陰性
JL-FA-175	Rubella IgG	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG
JL-FA-176	Rubella IgM	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GM
JL-FA-177	Rubeola Negative Plasma	風(fēng)疹陰性血漿
JL-FA-178	Rubeola IgG	風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG
JL-FA-179	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos	膠原沉著病,硬皮病,硬皮癥陽性
JL-FA-180	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative	硬皮病陰性
JL-FA-181	Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood	鐮刀形紅細(xì)胞新鮮全血
JL-FA-182	Smith (SM)	抗Smith抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-183	SMITH RNP	抗RNP抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-184	Smooth Muscle (ASMA)	抗平滑肌抗體陽性血清
JL-FA-185	Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive	舍格倫綜合征或干燥綜合征抗原A 陽性
JL-FA-186	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive	舍格倫綜合征抗原B 陽性
JL-FA-187	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative	舍格倫綜合征抗原B陰性
JL-FA-188	Streptolysin O Ab (ASO)	鏈球菌溶血素O抗體
JL-FA-189	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陽性血漿
JL-FA-190	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陰性血漿
JL-FA-191	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGG
JL-FA-192	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGM
JL-FA-193	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive	全身性紅斑狼瘡陽性
JL-FA-194	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative	全身性紅斑狼瘡陰性
JL-FA-195	TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL)	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陽性
JL-FA-196	TG/TPO Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陰性
JL-FA-197	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase)	組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶
JL-FA-198	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA	組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 IGA
JL-FA-199	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive	優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陽性
JL-FA-200	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative	優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陰性
JL-FA-201	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo)	弓形蟲病
JL-FA-202	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG	弓形蟲病IGG
JL-FA-203	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM	弓形蟲病IGM
JL-FA-204	Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma	甲狀腺球蛋白陽性血漿
JL-FA-205	Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白陰性
JL-FA-206	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒陰性
JL-FA-207	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGG
JL-FA-208	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGM
JL-FA-209	West Nile Virus (WNV)	西尼羅河腦炎病毒
JL-FA-210	West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM	西尼羅河腦炎病毒IGM

美國

在小鼠中進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究也顯示腎臟自我更新的能力。不是單一型的腎干細(xì)胞就可替換任何丟失或受損的腎臟組織，而是駐留在腎臟的不同部分稍微??更專門的干細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生每個類型的腎組織??內(nèi)的新細(xì)胞。
“這就像有分支的樹，其中每個分支考慮其自身的成長，而不是依賴于軀干的照顧，”德克爾說。
科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些細(xì)胞是通過一個名為Wnt蛋白的細(xì)胞通路的活化作出生長的決定。Rinkevich說，即使腎上皮細(xì)胞的數(shù)量看起來一樣，zui健壯腎臟形成能力可追溯到前體細(xì)胞中的Wnt信號被激活，并且只能生長為某些特定類型的腎組織。“這提示了Wnt信號是負(fù)責(zé)新腎組織的成長提供了一個治療目標(biāo)，以通過促進(jìn)或恢復(fù)腎臟的再生能力，”他說。“我們也許能夠打開Wnt信號通路產(chǎn)生新的腎臟形成細(xì)胞。”
研究人員說，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對于科學(xué)家試圖在實(shí)驗(yàn)室創(chuàng)造腎部分有著至關(guān)重要的影響。
然而，他們警告說，這樣的進(jìn)步并不迫在眉睫。“為了在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里長出整個腎臟是復(fù)雜的，因?yàn)槲覀冃枰獏f(xié)調(diào)許多不同種類的前體細(xì)胞的活性，” 德克爾說。“這不象血液和免疫系統(tǒng)可以從一種類型的干細(xì)胞再生。”
奧地利科學(xué)技術(shù)研究所(IST)的副教授Harald Janovjak，與維也納醫(yī)學(xué)大學(xué)癌癥研究學(xué)會的副教授邁克爾·格呂施，一起利用光“遙控”癌細(xì)胞的行為，相關(guān)文章發(fā)表于本周的EMBO雜志上。這項(xiàng)工作*將光遺傳學(xué)應(yīng)用到癌癥研究的新領(lǐng)域。
為了解細(xì)胞信號的動態(tài)，研究人員需要將膜受體蛋白激活和使其失活，膜受體蛋白作為一個細(xì)胞內(nèi)外世界之間的中轉(zhuǎn)站。理想情況下，這種激活在短時間(幾秒到幾分鐘)以及近的目標(biāo)位置(微米到毫米)內(nèi)發(fā)生。然而，如此高水平的活化精密度不能使用當(dāng)前的藥理學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。光遺傳學(xué)利用光來控制細(xì)胞的活性，以及具有在時間和空間上精確地被應(yīng)用和移動(施加和除去)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Janovjak，格呂施和同事重新設(shè)計(jì)受體酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)，在光的控制下，感測生長因子和激素的必要的細(xì)胞表面受體。
當(dāng)一個信號分子結(jié)合到細(xì)胞表面的RTKs，兩種受體相互結(jié)合的過程稱為二聚化作用。這個過程會激活細(xì)胞的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。Janovjak，格呂施和同事將哺乳動物的RTKs的那些部分與光 - 氧 - 電壓傳感領(lǐng)域(鑒定黃綠藻的可逆光傳感器)結(jié)合。在工程化受體中，二聚化步驟和隨后的細(xì)胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在可以通過光隨著藻蛋白光感打開和關(guān)閉，以及彼此結(jié)合。在腫瘤細(xì)胞中，工程受體的活化導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化，細(xì)胞增殖和基因表達(dá)，增加癌癥的惡性程度的特性。在血細(xì)胞中，活化導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞出芽，典型的新血管形成。

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This study, conducted in mice, also shows the kidney's ability to self-renew. Rather than a single type of kidney stem cell that replaces any lost or damaged kidney tissue, it resides in a slightly more specialized, more specialized stem cell that produces new cells within each type of kidney tissue.
"It's like a tree with branches, each of which takes into account its own growth, not its torso care," Decker said.
Scientists also found that these cells are the decision to grow through the activation of a cellular pathway called Wnt protein. Rinkevich said that even though the number of renal epithelial cells looks the same, the most robust kidney formation can be traced back to the activation of Wnt signaling in precursor cells and can only grow to certain types of kidney tissue. "This suggests that Wnt signaling is responsible for the growth of new kidney tissue and provides a therapeutic target to promote or restore the regenerative capacity of the kidneys," he said. "We may be able to turn on the Wnt signaling pathway to produce new kidney-forming cells."
The researchers said the study found a crucial impact on scientists trying to create parts of the kidney in the lab.
However, they warned that such progress is not imminent. "To grow an entire kidney in a lab is complicated because we need to coordinate the activity of many different kinds of precursor cells," Decker said. "It's not like the blood and the immune system can regenerate from one type of stem cell."
Harald Janovjak, an associate professor at the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology (IST), and Michael Gruissch, associate professor at the Society for Cancer Research at the Medical University of Vienna, use light to "control" cancer cells in an article published this week in the EMBO journal. This work, for the first time, applies optogenetics to new areas of cancer research.
To understand the dynamics of cell signaling, researchers need to activate and inactivate membrane receptor proteins, which act as a transit site between the cell's inner and outer cells. Ideally, this activation occurs within short periods of time (seconds to minutes) and near target locations (micrometers to millimeters). However, such a high level of activation precision can not be achieved using current pharmacological and genetic approaches. Photogenetics uses light to control the activity of cells, and has the advantage of being precisely applied and moved (applied and removed) in time and space. Janovjak, Gruch and colleagues redesigned their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense the necessary cell surface receptors for growth factors and hormones under the control of light.
When a signaling molecule binds to a cell surface RTKs, the two receptors bind to each other as a dimerization. This process activates cell signaling. Janovjak, Gruch and colleagues combined those parts of the mammalian RTKs with the field of photo-oxygen-voltage sensing, a reversible light sensor that identifies Chlorella. In engineered receptors, the dimerization step and subsequent cellular signal transduction can now be turned on and off by light along with the algin protein and bind to each other. In tumor cells, activation of engineered receptors leads to changes in cell morphology, cell proliferation and gene expression, and increases the malignancy of cancers. In blood cells, activation leads to cell budding, typical neovascularization.

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